Film-wrapped bales of solid recovered fuel in store

SH-EBS Waste code (AVV) 19 12 10

Solid recovered fuel (SRF/EBS)

Classified to EN ISO 21640

Processed, high-calorific fractions from commercial and industrial waste — classified, documented and matched to the combustion plant of the buyer.

SRF, RDF and EBS — what is the difference?

The terms get mixed up in the market. RDF (refuse derived fuel) is the general word for any fuel recovered from waste. SRF (solid recovered fuel) is the narrower, standardised term: a fuel from non-hazardous waste, classified to EN ISO 21640. The German equivalent is the Ersatzbrennstoff (substitute fuel), EBS for short.

Classification runs on three parameters: the net calorific value as the economic parameter, the chlorine content as the technical parameter and the mercury content as the environmental parameter. Each parameter is divided into five classes; the class code names all three. What a buyer is allowed to burn is decided by its permit — not by what happens to be available.

Origin

SRF is made from the high-calorific fractions of commercial, industrial and mixed construction waste that remain once the recyclable portions have been taken out. We buy the material from processing plants and place it with buyers who hold a matching combustion permit.

Typical constituents

  • Plastics that are not accessible to material recycling
  • Paper, board and composites
  • Wood fractions
  • Textiles and other high-calorific residues
  • Mineral fractions and metals are largely separated out

Specification

SRF is classified to EN ISO 21640. Calorific value, chlorine and mercury content determine the class code and are analysed for every batch; the values for your delivery are stated in the certificate of analysis.

Waste code (AVV)19 12 10
ClassificationEN ISO 21640
Net calorific value (NCV) (MJ/kg)on request
Chlorine (Cl) (%)on request
Mercury (Hg) (mg/MJ)on request
Water content (%)on request
Ash content (%)on request
Biogenic content (%)on request
Particle sizematched to the combustion plant mm

Delivery form & logistics

PackingFilm-wrapped bales or loose
Mode of shipmentWalking-floor trailer, 40 ft container, bulk vessel
Load weight per container (t)on request
Stowage requirement (m³/t)on request
Delivery termsFCA, FOB, CIF, DAP — Incoterms 2020
Availabilitycontract-dependent

Quality assurance

What the fuel does not contain

A substitute fuel must not put the permit values of the combustion plant at risk. Excluded are:

  • Hazardous waste of any kind
  • Infectious medical waste
  • Batteries and waste electrical equipment
  • Asbestos and asbestos-containing materials
  • Radioactive substances
  • Unsorted municipal waste
  • Mineral fractions above the agreed tolerance

How buyers use it

  • Cement industry

    Substitution of fossil fuels in the rotary kiln.

  • Lime industry

    Used in permitted lime shaft kilns.

  • SRF power plants

    Power and heat generation in plants designed for it.

  • Industrial steam generation

    Process steam for energy-intensive production.

Classes according to EN ISO 21640

For recovered fuels: enter the analysis values and the tool determines the classes for calorific value, chlorine and mercury.

Class limits according to EN ISO 21640:2021
Property Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Net calorific value, mean (MJ/kg, as received) ≥ 25 ≥ 20 ≥ 15 ≥ 10 ≥ 3
Chlorine, mean (% dry basis) ≤ 0.2 ≤ 0.6 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 3.0
Mercury, median (mg/MJ) ≤ 0.02 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.10 ≤ 0.15
Mercury, 80th percentile (mg/MJ) ≤ 0.04 ≤ 0.06 ≤ 0.10 ≤ 0.20 ≤ 0.30

Calculate an EN ISO 21640 class code

The mercury class is set by the less favourable of the median and the 80th percentile.

MJ/kg
% dry
mg/MJ
mg/MJ

Class code

Enter all four values.

The calculation is for guidance only. A binding classification requires standard-compliant sampling and analysis.

Frequently asked questions

What does the class code to EN ISO 21640 mean?
It names three classes: one for the calorific value, one for the chlorine content and one for the mercury content. Each runs from 1 to 5, with 1 the most favourable. The calculator on this page lets you work out the code from your own analysis values.
Is EBS the same as RDF?
Not quite. RDF is the general umbrella term; SRF, or EBS in German usage, is the fuel classified to EN ISO 21640. In tenders the terms are often used interchangeably — if in doubt, ask for the class code, not for the name.
Do we need a special permit?
Yes. Using substitute fuels is tied to the permit for your combustion plant. We only deliver to buyers who can evidence that they are allowed to use it.

Waste shipment

Which rules apply to the export of our materials — and which part of it we take on.

The most common question in a first conversation

Startin Holding

to follow
Registration number
to follow
VAT ID
to follow

Our credentials

Direct contact

Phone
to follow
Email
to follow

Team

Request a quotation

Give us the product, the volume, the destination port and the delivery term you want — you will receive a quotation with specification and loading plan.

Send an enquiry